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A study on the genetic effect of cadmium on mouse
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Hai Won Chung, Jong Kyu Kim, Joung Soon Kim
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Korean J Epidemiol. 1986;8(2):260-268.
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 Abstract
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Abstract
This study was carried out in order to evaluate the genetic effect of cadmium on mouse by measuring rates of chromosome aberration and sperm abnormality.
The study was done to explore the possibility of utilizing the measurements as an indicator or for the degree of exposure to environmental toxic pollutants.
The results of the study summarized are as follows:
1) The frequency of chromosome aberration was increased as the dose of cadmium was increased
2) The frequency of sperm with abnormal head shape also was increased as the dose of cadmium was increased and the frequency of sperm abnormalities was higher in the group autopsized after 4 weeks from the cadmium I.P. injection than the group after 6 weeks
3) The sperm head count in cauda epididymides was decreased as the dose of cadmium was increased.
And the density of sperm after 4 weeks from cadmium injection was lower than that after 6 weeks.
Different susceptibility in different age of mice to cadmium was not observed for all doses of cadmium except 1mg / kg administered group.
The sperm density for the mice given 1mg / kg cadmium injection was lower in 10-week-old mice than that in 32-week old mice.
4) The weight loss of tests was observed as the doses of cadmium was increased
5) Seminiferous necrosis and calcification were observed in the mice to which 3mg / kg and 5mg / kg cadmium were administered.
6) Therefore it was considered that the measurement of chromosome aberration and sperm abnormalities could be useful indicator in measuring genetic effect of environmental toxic pollutants.
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Summary
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A study on heterogeneity of chromosome and tumorigenicity in a mouse tumor cell line
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Hai Won Chung, Joung Soon Kim, Won Young Lee
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Korean J Epidemiol. 1982;4(1):158-174.
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Abstract
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Abstract
The effects of culture conditions on the distribution of chromosome number in mouse Sarcoma 180 Y.S. cells were studied in respect to heterogeneity of their chromosome number and their tumorigenicity; four subpopulations separated by ficoll gradient centrifugation from in vivo cultured tumor cells demonstrated different tumorigenic properties and the hypotetraploid cells were found to be the most tumorigenic.
The results summarized are as follows
1. The tumor cell populations were heterogeneous in their chromosome number and their tumorigenicity, and these heterogeneity could be changed by different culture conditions. The chromosome numbers of tumor cells cultured in vivo were varied from 15 to 140 with modal number of 110-120, while those cultured in vitro ranged from 60 to over 300 with modal number of 121-130. Frequency distribution of hypotetraploid cells in in vivo cultures was 22.3% whereas it was 2.4% in in vitro cultures.
2. When the tumor cells were cultured in vitro and inoculated into the peritoneum of mice, the frequency of cells with high chromosome number of more than 300 (15n) was increased from 1.2% to 8.6% and 33.1% as the passage number increased. Hypotetraploid cells were increased along with serial in vitro to in vivo passage.
3. Tumor producing ability in cells cultured in vitro was increased from 20% to 25% and 40% in accordance with serial in vivo passage thereafter. It is, therefore, suggested that altered characteristics of tumor cells cultured in vitro appeared to be reversed into their original properties by maintaining them in vivo.
4. When the tumor cells were separated by 10%, 15% and 20% ficoll concentration gradient, the highest relative frequency of hypotetraploid cells were found in 10% ficoll concentration. Fifty percent survival days of mice inoculated with these subpopulations were 25.3 days, 28.7 days and 29.4 days for each subpopulation separated by the concentration of 10%, 15% and 20% ficoll respectively. From the above results it is suggested that cells with high hypotetraploid among the heterogeneous tumor cell population appeared to be an important factor responsible for tumor producing ability.
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Summary
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A study of the effect of radiation on chromosome number and tumorigenicity in a mouse tumor cell line
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Hai Won Chung, Joung Soon Kim, Won Young Lee
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Korean J Epidemiol. 1982;4(1):175-188.
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Abstract
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Abstract
The effects of radiation on the distribution of chromosome number in mouse Sarcoma 180 Y.S. cells were studied in respect to heterogeneity of their chromosome number and their tumorigenicity.
The results summarized are as follows:
1. Modal chromosome number were shifted from 111-120 to 101-110 when the tumor cells were irradiated with 300 rad - 700 rad of γ-rays, which is in the range within the sublethal irradiation dose (700 rad). The overall distribution of chromosome number, however, was not much different from that of control ceils. Frequency distribution of hypofcetraploid cells decreased gradually by increased radiation dose, for example in control the proportion of hypotetraploid cells was 22.3% whereas the proportion decreased to 16.4% in 100 rad irradiation group, 14.5% in 200 rad, 14.8% in 300 rad, 12.9% in 500 rad, and 5.9% in 700 rad irradiation group.
2. The tumorigenicity measured by the fifty percent survival day of inoculated mice, was also reduced according to the increased radiation dose; fifty percent survival days of mice inoculated with irradiated tumor cells (104 cells/mouse) in vivo by probit analysis were 25.2, 27.2 and 30.8 days with rariation dose of 0, 300 and 700 rad respectively on day 1 after irradiation. Similar results were obtained on day 6 after irradiation and fifty percent survival days were 23.0, 27.3 and 29.8 days at 0, 300 and 700 rad respectively. Tumorigenicity of the cells was proportional to the dose of cells inoculated, but it was proportionally decreased to the radiation dose. Moreover these results were consistent with Sarcoma producing ability in syngenic mice and the DNA synthetic ability in irradiated tumor cells. Considering these findings in relation to the chromosome number of the tumor cells, the reduction of tumorigenicity by γ-radiation seems to be correlated with reduction of hypotetraploid cells. Meanwhile when tumor cells were cultured in vitro, the proportions of cells with more than 200 chromosomes were increased in accordance as the radiation dose increased; 14.3% in control, 18.4% in 500 rad and 23.6% in 700 rad irradiation group.
3. Proportions of hypotetraploid tumor cells cultured in vivo after in vivo irradiation with 700 rad were 5.4% and 6% on day 1 and 6 after irradiation respectively, and 12.7%, 10% and 9% according to serial vivo passage thereafter. On the other hand the proportions of cells with more than 200 chromosomes in in vitro cultures after in vitro irradiation with 700 rad were increased to 23.6% from 14.3% on day 2, which was then decreased to 11% on day 20 after irradiation.
4. It may be concluded that repeated sampling of tumor cells and follow-up studies are necessary during the entire clinical course from early stage of the disease in the same patient because cytogenetic feature of tumor ceil population varied all the time according to their varying culture conditions and irradiation. Furthermore the tumor cell study may be of great help in determination of the subsequent treatment method after radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy for an effective and efficient management of cancer patient.
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Summary
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Chromosome aberration and glutathio -S- transferase activitiy in peripheral lymphocytes of workers exposed to ethylene oxide.
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Jin Sook Kim, Sung Eun Lee, Hai Won Chung
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Korean J Epidemiol. ;15(2):212-221.
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Abstract
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Abstract
This study was undertaken to compare the frequency of chromosome aberrations and Glutathion -S- Transferase activity in peripheral lymphocytes between workers exposed to ethylene oxide and control group.
Chromosome aberrations were analyzed in 200cells per sample after culture for 48-51hrs.
The results obtained were as follows:
1. The overall frequencies of cells with chromosome aberration were 1.8% in the exposed group and 0.9% in the control group. And the overall level of GST activity was 8.39 I.U in the exposed group and 7.99 I.U in the control group.
2. In the control group, It was found that significant increase in chromosome aberrations was associated with increasing age, but GST activity was not correlated with age.
3. For the exposed group, significant increase in chromosome aberration was observed among the workers working under poor ventilation compared to those under good ventilation. The frequencies of cells with chromosome aberration were 1.3% among the workers under good ventilation, 2.0% under poor ventilation and 2.7% under no ventilation. GST activity was not, however, correlated with the types of ventilation of the working environment.
From above results, it is suggested that the exposure to ethylene oxide increased the frequency of chromosome aberration and the level of GST activity, but there was no significant correlation between the frequency of chromosome aberration and level of GST activity.
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Summary
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